Toenail Fungus: Everything You Need to Know!

18/04/2025

Toenail fungus is one of the most common dermatological conditions, yet it’s often overlooked. This condition not only affects the appearance of your nails but can also lead to infections and interfere with daily activities if not treated properly. So, what causes toenail fungus? How can you recognize and prevent it? This article will help you better understand and protect the health of your feet.

1. What is Toenail Fungus?

Toenail fungus occurs when fungal organisms invade the toenail, causing changes in its texture, color, and shape. The infection can spread from one affected nail to healthy ones and rarely goes away on its own. Fungi typically enter through untreated wounds or small scratches.

Common Symptoms of Toenail Fungus:

  • Thickened nails
  • Nails becoming brittle or gradually thinning
  • Rough, uneven nail surface
  • Fragile nails that discolor (yellow or black)
  • Pus, redness, or swelling under the nail, accompanied by a foul odor
Toenail fungus
Toenail fungus occurs when fungal organisms invade the toenail, causing changes in its texture, color, and shape.

2. Causes of Toenail Fungus

Toenail fungus is caused by various types of fungi, mainly divided into two groups:

Candida Yeast:
This type of fungus invades already damaged nails. Candida infections often begin at the nail base and cause inflammation around the nail.

Dermatophytes:
These fungi account for 60–80% of toenail infections. Dermatophyte infections typically start at the nail edge and do not cause inflammation around the nail.

4. Treatments for Toenail Fungus

There are two main types of treatments: modern medical treatments and traditional remedies. You can consider both and choose what suits you best.

4.1. Modern Medical Treatments

Doctors often prescribe both topical antifungal creams and oral medications. Common topical treatments include:

  • Ketoconazole
  • Canesten
  • Exoderil

Oral medications such as Itraconazole are usually prescribed, especially after liver function tests.

4.2. Traditional Remedies

There are several folk remedies believed to help eliminate toenail fungus:

Using Garlic:
Garlic contains natural antibiotics that help eliminate fungi. Crush fresh garlic and boil it in water for 5–10 minutes. Once cooled, soak your infected toenail in the mixture for 15 minutes. Repeat 3–4 times a week.

Garlic
Garlic contains natural antibiotics that help eliminate fungi.

Using Betel Leaves:
Betel leaves have antibacterial properties and are effective in reducing odor and eliminating fungi. Crush clean betel leaves, boil them with water and salt for 5–10 minutes. Once cooled, soak the infected area and gently rub the crushed leaves on the nail. Do this 4–5 times per week.

Using Apple Cider Vinegar:
Apple cider vinegar contains proteins and beneficial vitamins with antibacterial effects. Mix vinegar with some salt, boil for 2–3 minutes, let it cool slightly, then soak the infected nail for 10–15 minutes daily.

5. Preventing Toenail Fungus

Here are some simple steps to prevent fungal infections:

5.1. Keep Your Feet Clean and Dry

Wash your feet regularly to eliminate bacteria buildup. Use soap and water, and make sure to dry thoroughly, especially between the toes.

5.2. Don’t Walk Barefoot

Walking barefoot increases the risk of fungal infections. Always wear footwear, especially in public areas like locker rooms or pools.

5.3. Change Socks and Shoes Regularly

Wash your shoes and socks frequently to remove sweat and bacteria. Athletes or active individuals should change footwear more often.

5.4. Wear Properly Fitted Shoes

Tight shoes and socks create a breeding ground for fungus. Choose shoes that fit well and allow your toes to breathe. Also, pick materials that absorb sweat effectively.

Choose footwear made from breathable, sweat-absorbing materials.

5.5. Keep Nail Care Tools Clean

Disinfect nail clippers and files after each use, ideally with alcohol. Avoid sharing nail tools with others to prevent contamination.

5.6. Use Antifungal Creams

If you’ve had toenail fungus before, use antifungal creams to prevent recurrence. Always consult a doctor before use to avoid side effects. Fungus can also thrive in old shoes—so spray them with antifungal spray before wearing.

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